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Melanotan II is a research-grade synthetic peptide analog of α-melanocyte-stimulating hormone (α-MSH), designed exclusively for controlled laboratory studies on melanocortin receptor signaling, pigmentation regulation, and related physiological pathway interactions. It is supplied as a sterile lyophilized powder, not approved for human or veterinary use, nor intended for any therapeutic, cosmetic, or consumer applications.
Core Properties & Formulation
Melanotan II is a truncated cyclic peptide engineered with enhanced binding affinity to multiple melanocortin receptor subtypes (MC1, MC3, MC4, and MC5), unlike the more selective Melanotan I. Its core amino acid sequence is Ac-Nle-Asp-His-D-Phe-Arg-Trp-Lys-NH₂, with structural modifications (including a D-phenylalanine residue and cyclization) that improve resistance to enzymatic degradation and prolong receptor binding duration compared to endogenous α-MSH. This broad receptor activity makes it a valuable tool for investigating multi-subtype melanocortin receptor signaling in preclinical models.
Purity: Research-grade Melanotan II has a purity of ≥98%, verified by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and mass spectrometry (MS).
Solubility: Water-soluble after reconstitution with sterile solvent (e.g., sterile water, phosphate-buffered saline); forms a clear, colorless solution at typical research concentrations (1–10 mg/mL).
Stability: Exhibits stable chemical properties under recommended storage conditions; no significant degradation observed when protected from heat, light, and humidity.
Unreconstituted Powder: Store at -20°C in a desiccated, light-protected airtight container to prevent peptide oxidation and structural breakdown. Avoid exposure to high temperatures, moisture, and direct sunlight.
Reconstituted Solution: After mixing with sterile solvent, store the solution at 2–8°C and use within 24–48 hours. Repeated freeze-thaw cycles are strictly prohibited, as this can disrupt the peptide's cyclic structure and reduce biological activity.
Handling Notes: Aliquot the lyophilized powder into smaller portions before storage to minimize repeated opening of the primary container, which helps maintain long-term stability.
Mechanism for Research Applications
Melanotan II is utilized in laboratory studies to explore melanocortin receptor-mediated biological processes, with the following research-focused mechanisms:
Multi-Subtype Melanocortin Receptor Activation: Binds to MC1 receptors on melanocytes to stimulate cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) production and protein kinase A (PKA) signaling, a pathway studied to understand its role in melanin synthesis and pigmentation regulation. It also interacts with MC3 and MC4 receptors in the central nervous system, providing a research tool to investigate receptor-specific effects on energy balance and appetite regulation in preclinical models.
Receptor Selectivity & Signaling Studies: Serves as a probe to distinguish the functional differences between melanocortin receptor subtypes. Researchers use it to compare the downstream signaling cascades triggered by MC1 vs. MC4 activation, and their respective impacts on physiological processes such as skin pigmentation and metabolic homeostasis.
Peptide Structure-Activity Relationship (SAR) Research: Its cyclic structure and broad receptor affinity make it a benchmark for developing novel melanocortin analogs with modified subtype selectivity, improved pharmacokinetic properties, or prolonged half-life.
Key Research Applications
Pigmentation & Melanocyte Biology Research: Applied in studies on melanin synthesis pathways, melanocyte proliferation, and the role of MC1 receptors in skin pigmentation regulation. Suitable for cellular experiments investigating the effects of peptide stimulation on melanin production and melanocyte viability.
Melanocortin Receptor Signaling & Metabolic Studies: Used to explore the molecular mechanisms of MC3/MC4 receptor activation in the central nervous system, providing insights into receptor function in energy balance and appetite modulation in preclinical models.
Peptide Formulation & Stability Research: Employed to evaluate the storage stability, solubility, and bioactivity retention of cyclic peptide formulations, supporting the development of research-grade peptide blends and delivery systems.
Preclinical Pharmacology Models: Utilized in animal models to investigate the in vivo effects of multi-subtype melanocortin receptor activation, with a focus on understanding physiological responses rather than therapeutic outcomes.
Safety & Compliance Guidelines
For laboratory research use only. Not for human consumption, cosmetic use, therapeutic purposes, or veterinary applications.
Handle with standard laboratory protective equipment (gloves, lab coat, safety goggles) to avoid direct contact with skin, mucous membranes, or eyes.
In case of accidental exposure, rinse the affected area thoroughly with water. Seek medical advice if irritation, redness, or discomfort persists.
Dispose of unused peptide powder, reconstituted solution, and associated waste materials in accordance with local chemical waste disposal regulations for laboratory reagents.
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