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Core Molecular & Physical Traits
| Item | Details |
|---|---|
| Full Name | Long Arg3 - Insulin - like Growth Factor - 1 (IGF - 1 LR3) |
| Amino Acid Composition | 83 amino acids (native IGF - 1 has 70); the 3rd Glu is replaced by Arg, and 13 amino acids (MFPAMPLLSLFVN) are added at the N - terminus |
| Molecular Weight | 9112 Da (C₄₁₉H₆₃₈N₁₁₀O₁₂₁S₃) |
| Purity | ≥98% (SDS - PAGE), ≥90% (RP - HPLC); endotoxin < 0.01 EU/μg |
| Formulation | Lyophilized acetate salt, for subcutaneous/intramuscular injection after reconstitution |
| Pharmacokinetics | Half - life: 20-30 hours; low affinity for IGF - binding proteins (IGFBPs), high free bioavailability |
Mechanism of Action (Receptor - Mediated Signaling)
IGF - 1 LR3 specifically binds to the IGF - 1 receptor (IGF1R) on muscle, bone, nerve, and cartilage cells, activating two core pathways:
PI3K/Akt/mTOR Pathway: Promotes protein synthesis, inhibits muscle breakdown, enhances glucose/amino acid uptake, and supports cell survival.
MAPK/ERK Pathway: Accelerates cell proliferation and differentiation, and boosts satellite cell activation for muscle repair.
Its low IGFBP binding rate ensures more free hormone circulation, enabling stronger and longer - lasting receptor activation compared with native IG - 1.
Key Biological Effects (Preclinical Data)
Anabolic Growth: It increases muscle protein synthesis, enhances satellite cell activity, expands muscle cross - sectional area, and raises lean body mass; it also promotes bone collagen synthesis and boosts bone density.
Regenerative Repair: It accelerates the repair of muscle, nerve, and cartilage tissues, and protects neurons by reducing oxidative stress.
Metabolic Regulation: It improves glucose uptake in muscles, enhances insulin sensitivity, and promotes fat oxidation to reduce fat accumulation.
Anti - Catabolic Action: It curbs muscle breakdown (catabolism) during calorie restriction or intense exercise.
Research Applications & Dosing
Core Research Areas
Muscle hypertrophy and sports performance enhancement studies.
Regenerative medicine research (muscle, nerve, bone, cartilage repair).
Metabolic disorder studies (insulin resistance, obesity, fatty liver).
Aging - related sarcopenia and tissue dysfunction research.
Typical Research Dosing (Rodents/Non - Human Primates)
| Route | Dose Range | Frequency | Cycle |
|---|---|---|---|
| Subcutaneous/Intramuscular | 20-40 μg/day (rodents); 100-200 μg/day (larger models) | Once daily | 4-6 weeks, with an equal rest period |
Note: Higher doses (50-100 μg/day) may increase the risk of insulin resistance and tissue overgrowth.
Safety & Precautions
Common Side Effects (Preclinical)
Mild hypoglycemia (less severe than insulin).
Transient edema or tissue hyperplasia at the injection site.
Long - term high - dose use may lead to insulin resistance or organ overgrowth.
Critical Warnings
For research use only, not for human clinical treatment or human consumption.
It is prohibited for use in sports due to its performance - enhancing properties.
Store at - 20°C; after reconstitution, use it up within 72 hours (2-8°C) to prevent degradation.
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